在1996年南方油气勘探工作会议上的讲话(主要部分) 努力实现南方海相油气勘探重大突破     

周永康 《海相油气地质》1997,(1)

南方地质条件有四方面的特点:碳酸盐岩区与特提斯域有关,具有良好的含油气前景;叠置在碳酸盐岩区上的南、北两大前陆盆地带,对古生界原型盆地烃源岩的演化、油气藏形成和保存起到重要作用;南方海相地层具有丰富的烃源岩;后期多旋回构造运动,使南方海相油气系统变得十分复杂。南方油气选区评价的关键是保存条件,在含油气系统中“保存单元”是优选勘探目标的重要依据。“九五”期间,一要主攻中、下扬子区,获重大突破;二要积极做好滇黔桂地区三个盆地(南盘江盆地、楚雄盆地、十万大山盆地)的预探;三要进一步搞好区域评价。  相似文献   

四川盆地碳酸盐岩油气勘探实践与认识   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈季高 《海相油气地质》1997,2(2):22-30

四川盆地烃源十分丰富。但油气演化程度高,大多已进入高成熟和过成熟阶段,至今只在侏罗系发现有油藏,三叠系及其更老地层皆为气藏。储层主要为碳酸盐岩,其特点是低孔低渗,平均孔隙度仅1.7%,平均渗透率小于1×10~(-3)μm~2,但其中的“孔洞发育层段”平均孔隙度可达3%～6%。根据四十年的勘探经验,加强预探并争取新发现是四川盆地油气勘探发展的关键。预探中,按构造带规划大中型气田勘探目标,将成藏条件相似、地域上相邻的局部圈闭群作为一个整体勘探对象,实行稀井广探,少井高效。“八五”以来,在高陡构造带勘探技术、储层横向预探技术等方面有长足的进步,勘探成效不断提高,实现了资源序列的良性循环。  相似文献   

三峡库区泥灰质岩石斜坡带构造对岩溶地质灾害的控制机理   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张加桂 《水文地质工程地质》2004,31(6):43-47

三峡库区三叠系巴东组(T26)泥灰质岩石岩溶是移民迁建中发现的重大工程地质问题。泥灰质岩石中的构造非常复杂，包括老构造、新构造和表生构造，它们共同控制了岩溶作用。老构造中，褶皱和断裂带等局部构造控制着岩溶的重要部位和重要层位，节理和层理等小构造使岩溶普遍存在。新构造时期地表隆升和河流切割使岩体卸荷松动，岩溶通道扩宽。表生岩溶构造加密了岩溶通道，使岩溶作用增强。三峡库区泥灰质岩石斜坡带地质灾害形成的机理遵循着构造控制下岩溶发育的规律性，致使岩溶地质灾害具有范围广、规模大和结构复杂的特点。岩溶地质灾害的形式包括地面不均匀沉降、地裂缝、滑坡、崩塌、泥石流和地面塌陷。  相似文献   

Interpretation of gamma-ray logs: The distribution of uranium in carbonate platform     

Mohamed Chaker Raddadi  Annie Arnaud Vanneau  Grard Poupeau  Elisabeth Carrio-Schaffhauser  Hubert Arnaud  Alice Rivera 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2005,337(16):96

High gamma-radioactivity in carbonates is usually ascribed to uranium of detrital minerals and organic matter, and to thorium and potassium of clays. The present study based on Urgonian marls and marly limestones (France) shows that some of the most radioactive values correspond instead to some ‘pure’ limestones. These peaks are generally associated with a sequence boundary or a maximum flooding surface. Low-level γ-spectrometry and ICP–MS analyses show that although high radioactivities are mostly associated with uranium, there is no obvious correlation between uranium enrichment and lithology. Also, correlation between high radioactivity and argillaceous beds might not be systematic. To cite this article: M.C. Raddadi et al., C. R. Geoscience 337 (2005).  相似文献   

泥浆脉冲随钻测量系统研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

卢春华  张涛  李海东 《地质科技情报》2005,24(Z1):30-32

介绍了泥浆脉冲随钻测量系统信号传输的3种基本工作方式:压力正脉冲、压力负脉冲和连续压力波.泥浆脉冲信号在传输过程中主要受钻探泵、井底动力机、泥浆中的气泡及活动钻具的干扰;钻井深度、泥浆中的气泡量、含砂量和泥浆类型对信号衰减有一定的影响.  相似文献   

尼日尔三角洲东部深水区构造特征及其形成机理     

赵江  王秋良  卢圣力  付博  杜峰 《大地测量与地球动力学》2019,39(7):691-695

研究尼日尔三角洲东部深水区块发现，整个盆地从陆向洋具有3个大的构造分区：伸展拉张区、过渡区和挤压逆冲区。伸展区以大型同沉积断层伴生大量滚动背斜构造为特征，过渡区发育大量泥底辟构造，挤压区以复杂的逆冲叠瓦构造为主。通过分析形成机理，揭示东部深水转换带上M研究区构造特征，按构造的演化特征将该区构造分为泥底辟型、冲断-泥底辟混合型、逆冲型3种类型，提出研究区内的圈闭主要以构造-岩性圈闭为主，为尼日尔三角洲盆地深水勘探提供新的理论指导。  相似文献   

The 2019 Brumadinho tailings dam collapse: Possible cause and impacts of the worst human and environmental disaster in Brazil     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2020

On 25th January 2019, the tailings dam of the Brumadinho iron mine operated by Vale S/A failed catastrophically. The death toll stood at 259 and 11 people remained missing as of January 2020. This tragedy occurred three years after Mariana’s tailings dam rupture – the most significant tailing dam disaster in Brazilian history. Thus far, a systematic investigation on the cause and effect of the failure has yet to be conducted. Here, we use satellite-driven soil moisture index, multispectral high-resolution imagery and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) products to assess pre-disaster scenarios and the direct causes of the tailings dam collapse. A decreasing trend in the moisture content at the surface and the full evanescence of pond water through time (2011–2019) suggest that the water was gradually penetrating the fill downwards and caused the seepage erosion, saturating the tailings dam. Large-scale slumping of the dam (extensional failure) upon the rupture indicates that the materials of the fill were already saturated. InSAR measurements reveal a dramatic, up to 30 cm subsidence in the dam (at the rear part) within the past 12 months before the dam collapse, signifying that the sediments had been removed from the fill. Although the information on the resistance level of the tailings dam to infiltrations is not available, these pieces of evidence collectively indicate that the seepage erosion (piping) is the primary cause for the chronic weakening of the structure and, hence, the internal “liquefaction” condition. Upon the collapse, the fully saturated mud tailings flowed down the gentle slope area (3.13 × 10⁶ m²), where 73 % were originally covered by tree, grass or agricultural tracts. The toxic mud eventually reached the Paraopeba River after travelling 10 km, abruptly increasing the suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentration and the toxic chemical elements in the river, immediately affecting the local livelihoods that depend on its water. The Paraopeba River is a major tributary of the San Francisco River, the second-longest river in Brazil reaching the Atlantic Ocean. We anticipate that the environmental repercussions of this toxic seepage will be felt throughout the entire basin, especially riverine communities located downstream.  相似文献   

Impacts of confining pressure and safety thickness on water and mud inrush in weathered granite     

Jinquan Liu  Weizhong Chen  Zhiping Deng  Taogen Liu 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2020,38(2):144-153

Abstract

Due to the strong disintegration and water erosion of completely weathered granite, water and mud inrush disasters are apt to take place in this zone during underwater tunnel construction. The pore, compactness, seepage path length, fracture geometries and their interconnections for water and mud transfer are strongly influenced by confining pressure and waterproof-resistant slab safety thickness. In order to inspect the influence, a series of experiments based on a self-designed testing system and non-Darcy testing method were performed. The results indicated that the water and mud inrush evolution increased with the increase of confining pressure and decreased with the increase of safety thickness. In particular, the confining pressure mainly influences the initial evolution stage, and a critical safety thickness to prevent water and mud inrush is obtained. Besides, the non-Darcy testing method results shows that the water and mud inrush evolution affects the influence of non-Darcy flow. For example, while the safety thickness was smaller than the critical value, the evolution was large and unstable and its behavior transferred into nonlinear. In this case, the flow changed to non-Darcy flow.  相似文献   

厚碳酸盐岩覆盖区RVSP三维地震勘探应用效果分析     

胡小鹏 《山东国土资源》2020,36(5):38-43

该文以中国南方一厚碳酸盐岩覆盖区的RVSP三维地震勘探实例,对RVSP三维地震勘探观测系统和数据采集参数的确定、地面等效处理和波场分离等关键处理技术及地质效果进行了阐述和分析,说明了RVSP在克服表浅层复杂地质条件及环境条件对资料的影响及提高地震资料的分辨率有其特定的优势,同时也提出了RVSP三维地震在采集和处理过程中的难点。  相似文献   

Thresholds of intrabed flow and other interactions of turbidity currents with soft muddy substrates          下载免费PDF全文

Jaco H. Baas  Rafael Manica  Eduardo Puhl  Ana Luiza de Oliveira Borges 《Sedimentology》2016,63(7):2002-2036

Controlled laboratory experiments reveal that the lower part of turbidity currents has the ability to enter fluid mud substrates, if the bed shear stress is higher than the yield stress of the fluid mud and the density of the turbidity current is higher than the density of the substrate. Upon entering the substrate, the turbidity current either induces mixing between flow‐derived sediment and substrate sediment, or it forms a stable horizontal flow front inside the fluid mud. Such ‘intrabed’ flow is surrounded by plastically deformed mud; otherwise it resembles the front of a ‘bottom‐hugging’ turbidity current. The ‘suprabed’ portion of the turbidity current, i.e. the upper part of the flow that does not enter the substrate, is typically separated from the intrabed flow by a long horizontal layer of mud which originates from the mud that is swept over the top of the intrabed flow and then incorporated into the flow. The intrabed flow and the mixing mechanism are specific types of interaction between turbidity currents and muddy substrates that are part of a larger group of interactions, which also include bypass, deposition, erosion and soft sediment deformation. A classification scheme for these types of interactions is proposed, based on an excess bed shear stress parameter, which includes the difference in the bed shear stress imposed by the flow and the yield stress of the substrate and an excess density parameter, which relies on the density difference between the flow and the substrate. Based on this classification scheme, as well as on the sedimentological properties of the laboratory deposits, an existing facies model for intrabed turbidites is extended to the other types of interaction involving soft muddy substrates. The physical threshold of flow‐substrate mixing versus stable intrabed flow is defined using the gradient Richardson number, and this method is validated successfully with the laboratory data. The gradient Richardson number is also used to verify that stable intrabed flow is possible in natural turbidity currents, and to determine under which conditions intrabed flow is likely to be unstable. It appears that intrabed flow is likely only in natural turbidity currents with flow velocities well below ca 3·5 m s^?1, although a wider range of flows is capable of entering fluid muds. Below this threshold velocity, intrabed flow is stable only at high‐density gradients and low‐velocity gradients across the upper boundary of the turbidity current. Finally, the gradient Richardson number is used as a scaling parameter to set the flow velocity limits of a natural turbidity current that formed an inferred intrabed turbidite in the deep‐marine Aberystwyth Grits Group, West Wales, United Kingdom.  相似文献